The role of accounting information on business strategy formulation

The role of accounting information on business strategy formulation Abstract Although strategy development in large corporations has been well documented, the process of strategy deployment in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) has not been extensively investigated by academic researchers. This study tries to provide new empirical evidence and the practical realities on the nature and practice of strategic planning in Greek companies. Its primary target is to examine the formulation of strategic planning in Greek SMEs and also the role of accounting information on the business strategy of SMEs in Greece. The results of the research indicate a positive relationship between strategic planning implementation and accounting information received by accountants and used by SMEs and no relationship with other sources of advice such as government agencies or bank advisors. The importance that is given to sales, costs and profits signifies a business planning rather than a strategic planning orientation of Greek SMEs Keywords: strategic planning, strategic activities, external advisors, accounting information Introduction Academic literature in strategic management of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has been very limited. Although the nature of strategic planning processes has been shown to have an important effect on the performance of firms [1], the field of strategic planning in SMEs is still in the early stages of its development. Its adolescence, relative to other more established areas of business and management theory, is evidenced by inconsistent and conflicting viewpoints [2] and only a few researchers have addressed the strategy-making processes of SMEs [3]. Limited research can also be observed on the usage of information from SMEs when strategically planning. Drury and Tayles [4] suggested that there is a need for more research that explores in much greater depth how managers use financial and non financial information. Recent research has shown that most SMEs are unable to utilize accounting and financial information. Owner-managers of SMEs may be expected to be fully aware of the product/service markets that their business are based in, but they may not be trained or proficient in accounting or financial management [5].The aim of this study is to add to the developing literature on strategic planning implementation in SMEs in Greece. Specifically the objectives of the study are to explore the extent of strategic planning of SMEs, to investigate the activities that owner/managers plan in advance and to identify internal and external advisors that help SMEs to strategically plan. Strategic Management and Strategic Planning Strategy is a term that is widely used by senior and middle managers. But the term seems to have multiple of meanings. There is no commonly accepted and universal meaning of strategy [6]. Due to this fact the definition of strategy has been the subject of extensive research since the 1960s. It has been described as the process of determining the long-term goals and objectives of an organization, by adopting a specific course of action and by allocating sufficient resources [7]. This traditional and rational definition was later challenged by Mintzberg contention that strategy was more a pattern of action resulting from intended or unintended strategies. Mintzberg claimed that strategy could be something more than an explicit plan of action. His five strategy dimensions that he recognized were: strategy as plan, strategy as pattern,strategy as ploy, strategy as perspective and strategy as position. These have been the basis for opening up the definition of strategy to a wider context of use [8]. Strategic planning concentrates on the setting of long-term organizational objectives, and the implementation of plans designed to achieve them. A suitable definition of strategic planning can be the devising and formulation of organizational level plans which set the broad and flexible objectives, strategies and policies of a business, driving the organization towards its vision of the future [2]. Porter [9] noted that further work was needed to enable business to understand strategic planning by arguing that while there has been considerable progress in developing frameworks that explain differing competitive success, at any given point in time, our understanding of the dynamic process by which firms perceive and ultimately attain superior market positions is far less developed. The SMEs literature Small and medium size enterprises (SMEs) play a crucial part for the economic growth of a country. SMEs contribute to outputs and employment and also affect the competitive ability of the large organizations [10]. SMEs can influence the competitiveness of large organizations by providing high quality inputs [11]. The importance of small and medium size businesses for future economic development has been reflected in a number of policy papers which have focused attention on the role of entrepreneurship, owner-managers and the small firm sector [12]. 3.1 The SMEs sector in Greece The contribution of the SMEs in the development, the employment and social coherence in Greece is substantial. In Greece, enterprises that have fewer than 50 employees form about 99.5 per cent of the total number of enterprises and employ the 74 per cent of the work force of the private sector. It should also be noted that Greek SMEs provide 70% of the new employment, reinforce the regional development and financial balance of the regions and make part of a cohesive financial and social link in Greek society. The role of SMEs in the national economy and employment is vital, since the main business model in Greece is and it will remain the micro enterprise which employs less than 10 persons. According to the criteria set by the European Commission, Greece has more than 733.000 qualified SMEs, from which more than half, 394.000 or the 53.7 per cent does not employ any salaried workers and they employ 11 people on average. [13] 3.2 Strategy in SMEs Academic research has been conducted on several broad fronts in order to define strategy in SMEs, from planning processes, to the individual personality of the owner-manager and the growth of a wide range of available advisory services providing information on strategic choice. Perry et al [14] argued that strategy should be examined in the everyday operating environment of the small firm. The formulation of strategy in SMEs has been the theme of many academic researchers. Some studies [15] examined the link between planning and performance in SMEs, while others [16] explored the difficulty of defining planning and strategic planning, and its dimensions, such as planning formality and performance in the small firm context. The definition of strategy in SMEs is often perceived as person centred rather than process driven. The performance of small firms is linked with the leadership style of the owner. Nahavandi and Malekzedah [17] in 1993 argued that the style and personality of the manager is central to the strategy definition process. Noble [18] after a series of exploratory interviews with the managing directors of SMEs, suggests that strategic deployment often fails as a result of SMEs inability to forecast and overcome implementation barriers. ORegan and Ghobadian [3] indicated a number of general barriers relating to the constraint of strategic planning implementation such as communication was inadequate, implementation took longer than expected, a shortfall in employee skills, objectives of strategy were not clearly understood by the staff, ineffective co-ordination of implementation, crises distracted attention from implementation, unexpected external problems arose and external factors impacted on implementation. Research Design This research applies the quantitative method to examine the implementation of strategic planning in SMEs in Greece. The central aim of the research is to provide empirical evidence on how SMEs use strategic planning and what kind of advice they use to aid them. Data were gathered by means of a survey questionnaire, all questions used a five-point Likert type scale; with a response of 1 indicating that an item received not agree and 5 indicating an item received agree. The sample consists of small and medium enterprises that are located in the Greek capital Athens and belong to the service and manufacturing sector. Questionnaires were distributed to a whole sample of 546 owner managers of small and medium sized enterprises. A postal questionnaire was used instead of sending e-mails, in order and to protect the participants anonymity and because some owner-managers were not familiar with the use of e-mails. From a total of 546 questionnaires mailed, 178 were returned, representing a 32 per cent response rate. Out of these 19 were found to have missing data and were deemed void. Therefore, data was collected from a total of 159 sets, representing a satisfactory response rate of approximately 29 per cent. The questionnaire consisted of 4 sections, covering the following aspects: Strategic planning implementation in SMEs Strategic planning activities Advisors that affect strategic planning Accounting information used for strategic planning Prior to distributing the questionnaire to the sample, a pilot study was conducted to discover any errors, ambiguities, inadequate answers, or highlight any confusing questions. Enterprises that participated in the pilot study were excluded from the main study. Research Questions of the study Question 1: Is there a significant relationship between Strategic Planning Implementation and the Total Strategic Planning Activities? Question 2: Is there a significant relationship between Strategic Planning Implementation and the use of internal advisors? Question 3: Is there a significant relationship between Strategic Planning Implementation and the use of external advisors? Question 4: Is there a significant relationship between Strategic Planning Implementation and the use of accounting information? Findings and Discussion The findings of the present research are contradictory in certain respects. Despite a sizeable majority of respondents indicating that their companies undertake strategic planning, there is limited evidence of practical strategic planning in the sense of setting long-term business objectives. Research by Stonehouse and Pemberton [2] that was conducted for British SMEs had the similar results. In their research the 92 per cent of the companies indicated that they undertake strategic planning, either highly structured or of a general nature. They have found that most of these organizations were concentrated on short-term sales, cost and profit targets rather than longer-term goals. 6.1 Strategic planning implementation and strategic planning activities Question 1 examined the relationship between strategic planning implementation and strategic planning activities In order to answer the above question relating with the strategic planning implementation and the strategic planning objectives, correlation tests and T-tests were employed. First the researchers with the use of factor analysis divided the strategic planning activities (objectives) into three categories. In the first category were sales, costs, profits, production/service procedure and customer service. In the second category were staff training, staff appraisal, staff recruitment and advertising and in the third category were the market share, the expansion of the size of the enterprise and the mission of the company. With the use of Pearsons and Spearmans correlation it was found that strong relationship between strategic planning implementation and strategic activities exists only for sale targets, cost targets, profit targets, production outcome targets and for the improvement of quality service. Greek owner managers of SMEs in their great majority when strategically planning, neglect activities such as staff appraisal, training and recruitment, advertising, mission fulfillment and market share targets. The above results are in line with the findings reported by Stonehouse and Pemberton [2]. They found that contradictions between strategic planning implementation and strategic planning activities could be explained in terms of a difference in perception between managers and academics on the nature of strategic planning. Furthermore, most Greek companies refer to strategic planning, but in practice they are more concerned with short-term objectives and what would be regarded by academic researchers as business planning. 6.2 Strategic planning and internal advice and assistance Question 2 examined the relationship between strategic planning implementation and human resources capital and internal advisors employed for strategic planning in Greek SMEs. Pearson Correlation and Spearman Correlation tests were used in order the research question to be answered. The study on Greek SMEs has not found a significant relationship between strategic planning and human resources capital employed. Most owner managers surveyed did not share the belief that the personnel have the skills or the experience to assist in the deployment of strategic plans. This result can be confirmed by the findings of research question 1, that owner managers do not have long-term plans for their staff recruitment, training and appraisal The above results are in contradiction with a research on Spanish SMEs by Aragon-Sanchez and Sanchez-Marin [19] who revealed that owner managers focus their attention on human resources as a key element that allows them to achieve a sustainable advantage. They noted that the competitiveness of SMEs is based on internal elements supported by resources such as personnel and their skills. But other studies had similar results with what was found about the Greek SMEs. ORegan and Ghobadian [3] identified a number of general barriers relating to the constraint of strategic planning implementation. Their pilot study confirmed eight main barriers with the shortfall in employee skills being one of them. The research by Hall and Young [20] on 182 failed small enterprises indicated that the most important cause for the failure of these companies were shortages in working capital (51.4 per cent). 6.3 The necessity of external advice Question 3 examines the relationship between strategic planning implementation and the use of external advice by the owner managers. Pearson Correlation and Spearman Correlation tests were used for the analysis of this question. The results of this research suggest that SMEs in Greece receive valuable external advise in order to plan strategically mainly from accountants. Government agencies and bank advisors are not contributing as beneficial advisors for the owner managers and only a minority of the respondents state that they receive useful advices for strategic planning. Pearsons correlation test has shown that there is a significant relationship between strategic planning implementation and the use of accountants, while there is not a significant relationship between other external advisors (government agencies and bank advisors) and strategic planning implementation. These results are in line with previous studies which have investigated the association of strategy formulation and external advice. Berry, Sweeting and Goto [21] conducted a research on SMEs located in Manchester and found that most of the business advisers had limited use by the owner managers. Only accountants had a key role in the processes of the SMEs but mostly on statutory work. They have also identified that accountants made a significant effort to shift into the value-adding areas of the SMEs; at it was perceived by the owner managers in the sample. Alattar [22] found that the use of an accountant to be responsible for the accounting function in the enterprise resulted in a provision of more information which was useful for maintaining better planning and control. Deakins et al [12] study indicates that an important task for accountants is to act as a consultant to the owner managers and that this involves supplying advice on internal planning, decision-making and control. Gooderham et al [23] stated that in many countries, smaller business accountants play an important role as business advisers in addition to providing accounting services. 6.4 Accounting Information used as tools for strategic planning implementation Question 4 examined the relationship between strategic planning implementation and accounting information used as a tool by owner managers for strategic planning in SMEs using Pearson Correlation and Spearman Correlation. This research has shown that owner managers of Greek SMEs take under serious consideration the accounting information they receive from external advice and they apply them as tools when they implement their strategic plans. This finding was consistent with what should have been expected as accounting information have been identified as crucial elements of strategic planning Stonehouse and Pemberton [2] noted that there is little evidence of usage of the tools of strategic analysis with the most common tool relating to internal financial analysis. Collis and Jarvis [5] identified the three main resources of information used in the management of small companies; management accounts; cash flow information and bank statements. They have found that most SMEs use accounting information such as profit and loss account, balance sheet, cash flow statement and forecast and ratio analysis in order to monitor the profitability and for planning and controlling. Hall and Youngs research [20] showed that poor use of accounting information was one of the main reasons that led into failure the 38 per cent of the 21 small enterprises surveyed. Randal and Horsman [24] found that the lack and misuse of accounting information contributed to small enterprise failure. Holmes and Nicholls [25] suggested that the quality of accounting information utilised within small enterpris es had a positive relationship with their performance. Conclusion This study has tried to examine from the respondents perspective the extent to which Greek SMEs use strategic planning and the influence of accounting information in the design and deployment of these plans. This paper has tried to identify relationships and differences, among the SMEs surveyed, between strategic planning implementation and (1) strategic planning activities of the firm; (2) the human resource capital; (3) external advice from, government agencies, banks and accountants; (4) accounting information such as profit and loss accounts, cost accounts, sales accounts, accounting ratios from the balance sheet and sales forecasts. The results of the analysis have shown that owner managers when strategically plan emphasise on activities such as profits, sales, costs, production outcomes and costumer service. The importance that is given to short-term financial objectives (sales, costs, profits) confirms a predisposition towards business planning rather than strategic planning. Other business objectives, that are closer related to strategic planning such as the companys mission, human resource training, market share targets and enterprise size targets are completely left out from strategic planning by the majority of the owner managers. The use of accounting information and advice received from accountants were, according to the owner managers, the most significant factors that facilitated them during the design and implementation of their strategic plans. In the contrary, it was found that the human resources of the SMEs and external advice from government agencies and banks did not have an important role in strategic planning implementation.

Spirituality and Strength

My Strengths Strength is a word that is greatly misinterpreted. Strength is to overcome challenges that you face and to grow from them. To most, strength only comes in physical form, while for others strength comes emotionally as well as spiritually. One can be small yet strong or one can even be scared yet strong. Strength has no set rules or requirements. Strength is going against all odds to end up prevailing. Being physically strong is the ability to sustain the capacity of a force without breaking or yielding.To be mentally strong is to emerge with confidence through an emotional series of events. For one to be spiritually strong they must have faith in what you believe when the odds are stacked against you. Everyone in life strives to be strong. Why? It is human nature. Physical strength is to prevail through obstacles that test your body to its limits. Physical strength is fighting a disease such as skin cancer. Listening to the doctors tell me that the chances of living a lon g healthy life are not excellent. After telling me all this they expect me to be that same person who was lways there for others.But who was there for me? Physical strength is fighting the never ending battle of drowsiness, when I was diagnosed with mononucleosis. This was a hopeless battle when I had so many things to do in so little time, Meyer 2 with no energy to spare. Yet, all I wanted to do was to fall into a deep sleep and escape all my responsibilities for the moment. Physical strength is being the strongest that I can be. This is waking up six days a week at the first light of day and pushing my body to its limits at the gym surrounded by other bodies dripping of sweat.It is to fight the endless struggle of laziness of a typical college student and workout even when I have had a long day, with few hours of sleep, and no time in my schedule. Physical strength is a daunting task to seek out but with hard work and perseverance it can be achieved. Mental strength is the ability to overcome hardship, pain, and suffering. The ability to use those experiences from depression in a positive way, to grow and develop from the most painful situations imaginable. That is what mental strength is all about. I have always been told that the strongest are always most successful.My success is the new person that I have become. I ignore the Judgmental looks and comments made by those I love and those I hate. I handle being ridiculed and gossiped about by those, who in the past, I had put all my trust in. Mental strength is dealing with the drama and stress of high school. It takes strength to walk down those cramped hallways alone and be watched by those who I used to be able to call my friends, and having no one to talk to. Even though I feel as though I am alone within a crowd of faces and shadows, bumping into me, trying to knock me down I do not get intimidated.On weekdays at six in the morning I look in the mirror and plaster on a brave face to fool others into thi nking that nothing is wrong. I have the strength to not fall in to the deadly trap that people lay out when they make fun of you have with everyone and with yourself. Spiritual strength is the will to believe when all others do not. It is the fight for faith, something that could be imaginary, but that I see as real. It is the urge to die for what I believe in. I maintain my strength while I am tested on my faith in God by countless people, Judging me for following and acting on my beliefs in God.I would rather die protecting my spirituality then live a lie full of regret. In my times of trouble I have come to realize God is the light, the truth, and the way when all other paths are taken over with darkness. My strength is overcoming the hardship of following the unknown and not knowing where it will take me. It is putting my faith trust in God, and praying when I feel scared or upset. Every Sunday morning and Wednesday night I devote myself to the life of the church, the body, and the blood of Jesus Christ. Some say that by having spiritual strength I am condemning myself.On the contrary, in having spiritual strength I am freeing myself to a life full of Joy and happiness. Above all, to have spiritual strength is to have faith, love, patience, dedication and hope in God. In conclusion, there are three types of strength I have exhibited throughout my life; physical, mental, and spiritual. To have physical strength is to excel in challenges that are made upon the body. To have mental strength is to when my limits are tested. To have spiritual strength is to stick to what I believe is morally right in life. These strengths tie into how I live my life day by day.

Love and Loss - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 517 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2018/12/15 Category Poetry Essay Type Review Level High school Tags: Buddha Essay Did you like this example? Sugata Saurahba is an epic Nepal poem written by Chittadhar featuring the life of the Buddha. The poem focuses on the theme of love and loss through the life of Buddha. There is Gautama the crown prince who is so much loved by his parents respected adored by his people that he is not allowed to go outside the palace and when he does and things are taken from the path he is leading so he does not get to see them. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Love and Loss" essay for you Create order The same theme is also depicted through the lives of the other characters in the poem especially those he relates to and meets a long the way on his rides outside palace. The poem begins by portraying the theme of love as young girls are dancing in the palace and there is so much joy as they celebrate the life of the prince. This hence indicates just how much love is beautiful and brings happiness when it is being acknowledged. The dancing girls also experience love towards one another as they bond over their dance while the theme of loss is first depicted when Gautama and his chariot driver Chandaka meet a very old man who is wrinkled and weak. He therefore realizes that life has an ending as people grow old and die. He hence feels a major loss knowing that life is not eternal. Loss is also portrayed through the prince meeting a sick old man suffering from an illness slowly draining him and lastly when the prince meets people I a funeral carried the body of the deceased for cremation. This therefore brings about the fact that there can never youthfulness that turns to old age, riches without poverty, life without sickness nor can there be a life span that is unlimited. This therefore depicts life as a temporal and unfair path that can never be full of pure happiness but has to have problems a long the way. Love is however brought back as a beautiful experience through the birth of the princesss son. This portrays life is a blessing and gives hope to everyone. It also relays the message that despite life being unfair because people die, new babies are born and bring about hope and meaning in life here being. The birth of new babies is therefore celebrated as babies are considered as new innocent lives that can be molded to better people. They are also the future heirs of their parents territories and therefore bring them out as very important blessing that should be well nurtured. In conclusuion, the poem shows that there is both love and loss in life. Life is full of unfair circumstances like old age, poverty and death. It should therefore be lived fully when someone can before they are old and weak nearing their death. The poem also shows love as victorious over loss as with the growing old and death of older people new babies are born and these are the future and hope of their parents and the world. Works Cited Sugata Saurahba poem by Chittadhar The life of the Buddha.

Descriptive Essay - Unconventional Experience - 1202 Words

Unconventional Experience Nineteen years ago I was born in a little town in southern New Jersey called Manahawkin. It is a tourist town, and even today is genuinely only known for the island that it is attached to, and even saying that it is â€Å"known† is a stretch. Typically, tourists do not even know the name of my town while driving through it. When I arrived at college, I had to constantly answer the question of where I am from. Eventually I learned to just fib a little and say that I am from â€Å"Long Beach Island† because people can at least recognize that name. Mentioning the irrelevancy of my town should give you an indicator of what this place was like. Growing up, my home always felt like some sort of flawless utopian town. This is†¦show more content†¦There were of course uniforms which stunted all sorts of self-expression, and every Wednesday morning we had chapel. Science classes consisted of playing with crawfish and the only book we ever read for class was the Holy Bib le. If I had continued to be enrolled there up until my high school years, my views of the world would have been entirely different. So not only had I grown up in a school that basically only educated me on the word of God, I also was living in a fairly uniform town. It felt like I was living in a box. I knew that outside of Manahawkin there were places that were the exact opposite. Places where people of all different colors and lifestyles walked down the streets. Places that stimulated me, that could educate me on the issues of the world. In little Manahawkin, I had none of that. I decided that if I was not going to learn from experience, I was going to have to learn through books. At this point in my life I had already been a pretty avid reader. Even when I was a toddler I had attempted to read which was exposed through some home videos showing me pretending to read an upside down book. I blame this all on my mother. She was the reader of the family. Growing up she would always b e reading around the house and I constantly wanted to be just as smart as her so I started reading, too. Slowly it became one of my favorite pastimes. It was always so amusingShow MoreRelatedStephen King s Insight On Dreams864 Words   |  4 PagesStephen King’s insight on dreams are all based on personal experiences. King begins by comparing the functionality of a dream to a mirror â€Å"I’ve always used dreams the way you’d use a mirror to look at something you couldn’t see head on†. By using this idea of dreams being like mirrors, King is able to alleviate his writer s block by depicting his dreams directly onto paper. 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The review questions at the end of each chapter provide one source of essay questions, and they also provide guidance to students in studying for multiple choice exams. Students who take the time to develop answers for the review questions should be able to answer most itemsRead MoreMultiple Choice Questions for Leadership Management14459 Words   |  58 Pagesnot intended to measure the ability to evaluate, synthesize, or integrate the material. To assess this type of knowledge, it is necessary to supplement the objective exams with other measures such as essay exams and papers. The review questions at the end of each chapter provide one source of essay questions, and they also provide guidance to students in studying for multiple choice exams. Students who take the time to develop answers for the review questions should be able to answer most items

Thomas Jefferson And His Influence On American History

There are many great men in American history, whose influences impacted our early society so much that they are credited with the title of a founding father. One of whom, had much direct impact on our early American societies. Thomas Jefferson, an early American founding father, is credited to have had much influence on what shaped our early American society, and what would go on to eventually become the bases of our modern American way of life. â€Å"Jefferson is best known as the leading classical liberal in American history. As the author of the Declaration of Independence, he outlined the political principles that launched the new nation.† (James Thomas Jefferson, Life Centered Philosophy) Thomas Jefferson was not only a founder of America; he was a great American philosopher. The philosophies which he created at this time are still in some form of practice even to this day. II. Historically Thomas Jefferson is best remembered for his dedication to early America. â€Å"As public official, historian, philosopher, and plantation owner, he served his country for over five decades.† (Community Thomas Jefferson, A Brief Biography†) Thomas Jefferson was not only a founding father; he was the third president of the United States, a member of congress and Governor of Virginia, and as the first secretary of defense for the United States. â€Å"The Presidency of Thomas Jefferson of the United States, from March 4, 1801 to March 4, 1809, carried out what Jefferson called the RevolutionShow MoreRelatedThomas Jefferson And Modern Geography1175 Words   |  5 PagesMichael Pretes GE 300W 10/11/2016 Jefferson and Modern Geography Geography is such a holistic discipline that it requires much concentration and focus on its subject matter. 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However, this view of early Native Americans has been created by the works of people belonging to th e â€Å"civilized world† of early America. Lucy Terry’s poem â€Å"Bars Fight† retells the story of when a group of Indians attacked two families that she knew. Terry’s work can be compared toRead MoreEssay on Thomas Jefferson1532 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson He is best remembered as a great president and as the author of the Declaration of Independence. He also won lasting fame as a diplomat, a political thinker, and a founder of the Democratic Party. Jeffersons interests and talents covered an amazing range. He became one of the leading American architects of his time and designed the Virginia Capitol, the University of Virginia, and his own home, Monticello. 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The revolution was also a test: could the young nation of America shift power peacefully, as the founding father s had intended? Or would everything collapse after only one president leading the country? The Bloodless Revolution of 1800 was an event that changed our nation s history an ways of government in many importantRead MoreThomas Jefferson s Influence On Modern Day Democracy1616 Words   |  7 PagesThomas Jefferson’s Influence on Modern Day Democracy and Racism Thomas Jefferson created two facades when it came to racism and slavery. Thomas Jefferson had a personal history with slavery and owning a plantation, but in certain instances he appeared to support equality like in his letter to Benjamin Banneker. Different texts like Notes on the State of Virginia by Thomas Jefferson with the related documents edited by David Waldstreicher, and Banneker and Jefferson Letter Exchange are examples ofRead MoreThomas Jefferson : The Art Of Power1331 Words   |  6 PagesWe always hear about Thomas Jefferson in our history classes, as one of the most influential American politicians at the time of the nation’s birth. Though, we don’t always take the time to understand why this is the case. Looking at what he accomplished as president and politician seems mind boggling. In my blog, I will discuss Thomas Jefferson’s major accomplishments, his leadership lessons, and criticisms of his actions. Before engaging the thesis, I want to discuss Jefferson’s background,Read MoreJohn Locke s Theory Of Government884 Words   |  4 Pages This essay will discuss and show how Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution follows the speculation of government from the philosopher John Locke. We’ll additionally discuss Thomas Hobbes’s theory of government. Both John Locke and Jefferson’s theories contributed to the American Revolution and to the Declaration of Independence. Thomas Jefferson’s theory of revolution found within the Declaration of Independence follows John Locke’s theory of government in multiple aspects, as well as in

Why you should eat breakfast Free Essays

Although this research Is for everyone, It’ll help us to be better students as well! Preview Main Points: First I will tell you about the stress relief benefit, then I will tell you about the concentration benefit, last I will tell you about the memory benefit. BODY Transition: Let’s bite down on this exciting topic shall we? Main Point 1: As students, we have very busy lives and it can become almost Impossible to Just relax bit. A. We will write a custom essay sample on Why you should eat breakfast or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 2009, Dry. Schools and Dry. Smith of the Wrigley Science Institute states that chewing gum can actually relieve stress. B. Stress can be caused by all kinds of forms. When we’re caught lying; when we’re bout to take a test; when we’re worried or even sad. C. When we are stressed, our bodies become tense. A remedy for that would be to exercise. Well, the remedy to loosen our Jaw tension is to chew gum! Dry. Shall posts In 2002 Journal of Oral Rehabilitation that muscle contraction from chewing Is a form of exercise. Chewing stimulates vague nerve In the brain, which lowers heart rate and increases relaxation. D. In addition, Dry. Chou of peoples. Org published an experiment in April 2013 that gum relieves stress not only by producing blood flow and oxygen to the brain, but also by subconsciously shifting our attention to the act of chewing. Transition: Now that our Jaws are loosened up, let’s loosen our ears to listen to the next benefit: concentration! Main Point 2: Concentrating on specific things can be difficult especially when we live in such a busy world! In our genera tion, we have so many things to distract us from our priorities such as school. A. An experiment posted in Nutritional Neuroscience, a Journal updated in 2013 shows that the act of chewing gum increases concentration! B. This chart shows the results for 3 types of experiments based on alertness, contentedness, and calmness. Out of a possible 25 correct answers, the test results were higher when the subjects hewed gum before taking the test as opposed to not chewing gum. C. Another test conducted by Dry. Allen et al of Nutritional Neuroscience Journal updated in 2011 and there were fewer long responses in several tests. Transition: Now let’s concentrate on advancing our memory! Main Point 3: Memorization can be a tedious task but if we study and then chew gum before having to recall all that we’ve memorized, we’ll be able to do it faster! A. Jennifer Welsh of Live Science cites the Journal Appetite in 2011 that the SST. Lawrence University Research Team conducted an experiment on 224 undergraduates and vided them into 3 groups. The first group chewed gum before and during the test. The second group chewed gum 5 minutes before the test. It. Results showed that chewing gum before the test improved a student’s performance. Ii. Within 15-20 minutes, the 5 minute gum chewers recalled 25 to 50 percent more information. That’s pretty significant! ‘v. The researchers believe that the improvement in brain power was due to the chewing warming up the brain, a phenomenon they suggestively call the â€Å"mastication-induced arousal† B. Scientific American’s author Amy Kraft posted March 2013 about a test conducted n 40 peo ple. Researchers had all 40 people listen to a 30-minute recording of a sequence of numbers. It. 20 people chewed gum while the rest did not. Iii. The results showed that the gum chewers had higher accuracy rates and faster reaction times. ‘v. This is due to more oxygen flow to the brain which is responsible for attention and with more attention means more room for memorization! CONCLUSION Review Topic: I have Just gone over the three wonderful reasons why you should start chewing gum on a regular everyday! Review Main Points: First, we learned the stress-relief benefit, then we learned the incarceration benefit, last we learned the memory benefit. Lasting Thought: We have pretty busy lives! How to cite Why you should eat breakfast, Papers

Tempest by Lycus free essay sample

Lycus is a funeral doom or black doom metal band from Oakland, California, US. They have only two albums and a demo released as of now and I plan to review their newest album, Chasms, later on as well. Despite being a funeral doom metal band, they say they have alot of other influences as well in their category and are known for some pretty long, epic tracks. Tempest is only forty minutes in length, which is incredibly short, but has a counteraction of three tracks, one that is eleven minutes, one mine minutes and the epic title track being twenty minutes. Within these three tracks and forty minutes worth of music we get alot beautiful and often times repetitive riffs. There is a counter to the high amounts of repetition however, this can include making notes sound more crunchy and heavier, playing a different note or maybe sometimes having a different drum pattern but those are minor and can be hard to notice sometimes unless youre really paying attention. We will write a custom essay sample on Tempest by Lycus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are also times when they fit in black metal elements into the music and from what Ive counted, there has been two, one in the eleven minute track and another in the title track. The atmosphere on this one is surprisingly fitting despite not being as slow as most other funeral doom bands like Ahab or sometimes Swallow The Sun. It builds up as the song goes on and reaches its peak towards the end but doesnt slow down, almost like your average drone/drone metal song. I cant really speak of too much here as I couldnt find alot to talk about here. If I did have one problem, it would be the album is way too short in my opinion. Forty minutes is something that I can easily listen to straight through and it doesnt work very well in my opinion for doom metal, although I do realize it was exactly like that in the 80s, but I will let that slide as it was a new genre at the time. I give this a 9.5/10. I am the Grim Reaper, signing off.